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Succession to the Crown Act 2013
The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (c. 20) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It altered the laws of succession to the British throne in accordance with the 2011 Perth Agreement.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bills before Parliament )〕 The act replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture for those born in the line of succession after 28 October 2011, which meant the eldest child regardless of gender would precede their siblings. The act also ended the disqualification of a person who married a Roman Catholic from the line of succession, and removed the requirement of those outside the first six persons in line to the throne to seek the Sovereign's approval to marry. It was brought into force on 26 March 2015,〔 at the same time as the other Commonwealth realms implemented the Perth Agreement in their own laws.〔(Statement by Nick Clegg MP, UK parliament website ), 26 March 2015 (retrieved on same date).〕
==Background==
(詳細はAct of Settlement 1701 the throne of the Kingdom of England was settled on the Electress Sophia of Hanover and the "heirs of her body", this phrase being understood under English common law to imply male-preference primogeniture, meaning that brothers would precede sisters in the line of succession. It also prevented a "papist" (Roman Catholic) from inheriting the English throne and removed those who had married Roman Catholics from the line of succession.
The treaties that created the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 specifically applied these provisions to the new British throne. Article II of the Acts of Union 1707 stated that the "Succession of the Monarchy" is settled by the Act of Settlement 1701, and the ban of "Papists" from inheriting the throne was to continue according to that Act. Article 2 of Acts of Union 1801, again maintained that the succession rules in place in the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland should be "continued limited and settled in the same manner".
From the time of Queen Anne (died 1714), male preference primogeniture has operated only twice to displace a living female descendant by a younger brother: when Princess Augusta of Great Britain's younger brother became George III on the death of their grandfather George II (1760); and when Victoria, Princess Royal's, younger brother became Edward VII on the death of their mother Queen Victoria (1901). The present Princess Royal is the younger sister of the heir apparent. Her place in the line of succession is not affected by the provisions of the Act relating to male preference, in that she remains head of the line following next after those headed by her younger brothers, whose lines continue to precede hers under male preference.
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